An Analysis of Mother and I, Walking by Lorna Crozier

Known for her sensibility as a poet and as a writer, Lorna Crozier's Mother and I, Walking presents a touching story of a little girl's torment with the absence of her father but is consoled by the presence and love of her mother. Essentially, Mother and I, Walking argues the need of children to be loved by their parents and that the absence of one (in this case, the father) needs to be compensated by the devotion and greater love given by the parent who is there for the child (in this case, the mother). The sense of belongingness and security versus the isolation and the coldness experienced by the child in the story shows how Crozier views the psychological struggle of having only one parent during a child’s developmental years. Consisting of four unequal stanza of free verse poetry, Mother and I, Walking true to its title talks about a little girl traveling with her mother one cold night and reflecting on the absence of father leaving her tormented. Similar to the childhood of Crozier who had an alcoholic and absentee father, the little girl is besieged by the need and melancholy of her father’s absence seeping through her heart but is warmth by the realization that her mother is beside her walking side by side- seeing her through. The absence of a father image through the pronouncements of the little girl through the statement â€Å"father is gone again† (I, 1) and â€Å"everyone is inside† the first stanza shows how the little girl perceives the differences of having a father. With a father, the girl and her mother could have been inside their home just like â€Å"everyone is inside† (II, 3). At this early stage, the girl already knows the role that father plays in their lives: if the father is with them, they would not have been walking in the empty streets and instead, she and her mother could have been tucked inside their homes. However, the absence of the father forces them to stay in the street in the coldness of the night possibly coming from work. This pictures the longing and the melancholy of the girl- unlike other families, she is left with her mother needs to provide for her food and shelter and at the same time take care of her. The emotional emptiness of the girl is further explored in the second stanza with words like â€Å"the cold cries† (II, 6) indicating the coldness she is feeling within her heart. Apparently, the little girl is aware of the differences between having a father and not having one. Curiously, she wonders what could have changed if her father is there. However, despite the longing for a father, the little girl is very much aware of her mother's love. While she feels vulnerable by the â€Å"push(ing)† and pull(ing)† she is experiencing, the little girl realizes that she is powerless to change her fate. However, the pulling of her mother's coat and belly does not only warms her but also compensates for the lack of father's love. What is shown in the last stanza is the realization of the little girl, the warmth of her mother's belly demonstrates the ample love that her mother bestows upon her. With the security she has felt the little girl begins to see the brighter side of things: she looks at their path and she sees â€Å"tracks of one animal† (1, 17) indicating that as long as they are one and together, they can thread through more cold nights walking. The cold and in essence, the absence of the father no longer bothers the little girl. Finding comfort in the love of her mother, the little girl realizes that there is no need for her to look for other things, when all that she needs is beside her. Ultimately, what Mother and I, Walking shows is an unusual bond and the security provided by a mother's love to young girl's mind and heart. From the wordings of Crozier, we know that this memory will last and will mold the little girl on what she would become in the future. Reference Crozier, Lorna. â€Å"Mother and I, Walking.† Angels of Flesh, Angels of Silence Toronto:  Ã‚  Ã‚   McClelland and Stewart, 1988.               

Struggle Session

A struggle session was a form of public humiliation used by the Communist Party of Mao. When the struggle session began, the Red Guard used Labor camps, public humiliation, destruction of buildings or objects and corporal punishment to criticize the peoples who opposed to praise the great of Chairman Mao and rejected to publicize Maoism. And their targets were intellectuals, landowners and artists. For example, Ye qianyu was famous in Traditional Chinese painting. During the war, he led a group of artists to participate in the anti-Japanese propaganda of the Allied. So he was labeled â€Å"U. S. mperialism spies† by Red Guard. He is not only to accept the corporal punishment, but also to participate in the labor camp. Therefore, there were two different tendencies of artist when the struggle session began, Political fanaticism class and Creative  Underground  Class. For the Political fanaticism class, they responded to the call of Chairman Mao, followed by the Central Cult ural Revolution combat deployment and the creation of works of art. Most of their works contained the elements about praise of the great achievements of the Cultural Revolution and Demonize â€Å"enemy† which means Capitalist roaders. Follow Chairman Mao and advance in the great storms and wave†, printed by Shen Yao Iraq. It was one of the most famous works in Cultural Revolution. It means the people in the revolution was irresistible and didn’t afraid of anything if they followed Chairman Mao. For the Creative  Underground  Class, most of the works was not related to the expression of the political intentions of the Cultural Revolution. The artist usually used landscapes  to  express their emotion. Huang Qiutuan and Shi Lu was the representative of this painter.

Identity and Representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identity and Representation - Essay Example Violent identity representation can also emanate from lack of awareness on personal identity that stresses on upholding of values and moral standards. For instance, I played soccer because it was the most popular sport among my friends. The relationship with my friends also made me rebellious. After enrolling in early education, my entire identity changed from being introverted and serene to notoriety and callous extroversion. My childhood was characterized by the development of friendships that did not last for long. My male status and Arabian origin warranted me the freedom necessary to play around and conflict with people. Although my behavior was unbecoming, I commanded respect and recognition among elder people owing to my dynamic identity and perceived sense of self. This fact made me feel that I did not belong to the group of naughty individuals all through my life. At the age of twelve the friends that I had inflicted enormous negative influence on me to a point of being rebe llious towards my parents. The new identity I acquired negatively affected my performance in school. It also made me develop disregard for the authorities resulting in occasional conflicts with the teachers. Most of my friends seemed attracted by my reckless behavior and encouraged me to be more notorious instead of rethinking my actions. Although I enjoyed such behaviors, my inner self did not approve of such behaviors making me to develop an epiphany. Communication within childhood groups was easy because the common language that most schools normally used was Arabic that everyone understood. However, uneasy moments arose when we had to use English when interacting with strangers or new group members. It was challenging to join other groups because one had to learn the tactics and practices of the new group as well as know the new group members. Understanding the diverse identities of many people is a challenge for everyone especially teenagers who have no experience in connecting.

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese Essay

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese - Essay Example In my own way, I had my version of the American dream to many immigrants; America personified the opportunity to experience the freedom they lacked in their countries, and exploit available opportunities in work and education. Although in the modern day, many countries have become more liberal than there were in the past, I carried such sentiments because, in China, it is well known that the media and freedom of expression are far from the world class. Despite my original enthusiasm, when the day came, I had mixed feelings about leaving my homeland to go to a place I did not know and where I knew almost no one. I said a few tearful goodbyes, and as I walked into the airports interior, I did not look back to wave to my few waving relatives because I did not want them to see my tears. My journey to America in many ways was more than just a physical journey; it was a spiritual one too. I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives? On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind until I fell asleep, I when I woke up, I was in America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever.... I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives?  On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind  until I fell asleep,  I when I woke up, I was  in  America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia, when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever. Settling down was not very hard, and it was arranged that I should stay with my relatives at first before I could move out on my own. I did not move around much in the first few days, and when I did venture out on my own I walked into a cafe for a snack, the first thing I noticed was that almost everything was fried. The food was not bad, bu t I knew it would take time to get used to, some combinations were, however, strange to me, and I did not even attempt them such as cheese and apple. Contrary to what many people in my homeland China imagine, life in America is not an easy one, yes, the jobs pay more, but one has to work longer hours and at times work more than two jobs at a time. When asked my uncle what I could do for work since I needed to make money for my upkeep, he said for the time being I could work in his grocery store in my free time. However, he encouraged me to look around and see what else I could do since he knew selling greens was probably not going to be very interesting to me. One of the fears I had about coming to America was racial discrimination, which I had heard so much about, however, in

Merits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings Assignment

Merits And Demerits Of Documents And Drawings - Assignment Example On the other hand, drawings is defined as an illustration that is drawn using the hand and may be published in a book, magazine, or newspaper; this can be any form presentation of object(s) on a surface by use of lines (Calloway 12). In this paper, am going to discuss the merits and demits of documents and drawings according to the history regarding Indians and the history of American west. To start with, the documents and drawings were accessible and reliable to the non specialist and the students; documents and drawings were drawn from a variety of tribes. They provided a reliable way to pass out information from one person or country to another inform of teachings because provided a reach history sources. In the Indians and west America history, books were used as a way of communication; books and other print media provided people with an effective way to pass data. However, there was a printed magazine. These magazines provided people with information of current affairs about occ urrences in their respective countries. In this way, the printed documents and the drawings were reliable and accessible to people especially students and non-specialist. This means that the demands for students and non specialist were met (Calloway 56). In the Indian and west American history, documents and drawings were accountable; with the invention of writing and drawing in the respective countries.... However, the drawings and the documents does provide more detailed information; documents and drawings provided a more precised and meaningful information. In this book, much of information about the Indian culture and the lost west is given, the Indians just like the lost west used drawings and documents. They found that documents and drawings provided more information compared to verbal information. Most of their journals or writings were done in drawings and documents in form of books and other print media. These documents and the drawings could easily give clear instruction which could easily be followed by another students or non specialist. In the history of the Indians and the lost west, books and translated materials were used to communicate and express people’s ideas. In this case, we find that information passed by writings or prints produced more meaningful and precised information. The different tribes like Mandans, Lakotas and Pawnees in the respective countries c ould easily communicate via the documents (Calloway 80). However, in the history of the Indians and the lost west, documents and the drawings were considered to be the cheapest form of communication which could be easily translated. In many occasion in the history of the Indians and the lost west, were translated to many other languages, documents and drawings met the demands of the other tribes. The documents for example, books could be written in another language. They could not be easily be understood by another tribe in the respective empires in Indians and lost west. Thus, there was appointed personnel who were depended by the rest to translate. The person could easily translate the written document or documents in a way that could enable other people to understand (Calloway 120). In

Internet Resource Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Resource Guide - Essay Example Particularly it this guide is designed to facilitate all the students of Pennsylvania state university in the field of petrochemicals. This guide provides benefits to both beginners and specialization students or professional students. Beginners usually find the basic and easy information or the overview of the topic, for this reason this guide provides an easy links in the table of content to get their destination easily. On the other hand, the specialization or professional students mostly look for the detailed information so this guide gives them the required information with authentic or reliable references quickly and eliminate the wastage of time which is required to search the authentic notes of the required topic. It is also helpful for the professionals of petrochemical industry because it has got the topics regarding the ideas of advancement and innovation in the field and work of petrochemical engineers. In all that this guide is beneficial for all the researchers and read ers of petrochemical field. CONTENTS OF GUIDE: The material of this guide speaks about to the study of the resources of oil and gas and its importance. The resources have been included in this guide with a specific objective of assisting to the researchers or readers of energy resources, and in specifically speaking it is for the professionals and students of petrochemical field in the Pennsylvania state university. Petrochemical students require a diversified knowledge because of their diversified field so this requirement increased the significance of the proper and reliable internet sources that are available for energy resources information. Some resources in the guide are developed to be very useful when creating projects or writing papers for the undergraduate petrochemical engineering students, while other resources are useful for those readers who want to obtain a job in the field of energy resources. Information provided or used for this guide is from both library and the i nternet. However, the more convenient option is the internet resource because it gives the ability to use it comfortably from anywhere. All the sources that have been used in the guide are credible, academic publications or authentic websites. So the readers do not require verifying it from other sources. This has made easy for the readers to conduct the appropriate information from the guide and increase their work efficiency. AUDIENCE: The projected audience for this guide consists of students concerned in the oil and gas resources majors at the Pennsylvania State University. This guide is generally designed for those students who have applied for the specialization courses of petrochemical engineering and having the goal of building up their career in the field of petrochemicals (Ashkeboussi). The basic level students can also be benefited with this guide; it also provides the basic concepts of the petrochemical study. They may also be concerned in the research behind the petroch emical course of action that are presently in place or some of the more complex information behind the petrochemicals and its significance (Ashkeboussi). These basic concepts will be helpful for the students when they would going to choose petrochemical study as a specialization courses. This guide has a wide variety of information. The

Analysis of a Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of a Health Care - Essay Example Much has been said about the reform, which should take place at Medicare, and to view the necessity in these reforms, it is important to define, how the system works and how effectively it uses its resources. Medicare healthcare delivery system is influenced by a number of factors, among which are: the level of payment, medical education support, regulations relating to probable conflicts, the decrease in funding, etc. These issues are crucial in the activity of any healthcare delivery system, but attention should also be paid to the way these services are delivered to the elderly patients, as well as the ways of positive changes in quality and cost-effectiveness in healthcare delivery. It is important to notice, that hardly any company, even the most successful, uses its resources to the fullest, and thus there is always a possibility for improvement in any area of health care delivery system. One of the primary purposes of Medicare at the time it was created was 'to provide coverage for hospital care'. (Marmor 2000, p. 25) 'This coverage was expected to be equivalent to the types of coverage available to the working population, however, typically required acute care services for accidents and injuries. Having all the necessary resources at its disposal, Medicare tried to duplicate the health care coverage received by employees for coverage to elderly and disabled persons, but slowly came to the recognition that hospitals should not be the centerpiece of health care'. (Marmor 2000, p. 23) Thus, the main contribution and role of Medicare in the state healthcare delivery system was in making its main stress on chronic diseases, moving away from the hospitals being the center of any healthcare delivery system. Another contribution of the system was in less attention to how to decrease the number of inpatient days, and more on how to provide the highest quality care in the optimal time. One of the drawbacks in the Medicare activity lies in its wrong management of primary care. First of all, it lacks financing for geriatric care. The model of primary care, which is used by Medicare, can be called disease-based system. The main principles of using and creating this system lie in regular brief visiting of elderly people, each visit relating to a separate disease; the follow-up is minimal and the use of auxiliary specialists and services is frequent, which are often not necessary, but demand additional financing. On the other hand, if Medicare used its resources to the fullest, and made this effectively, there could be created other health delivery system, which, to my mind, would be much more effective. There should be created a team of several specialists for several medical disciplines, who would develop a complex primary care plan and would also perform a qualified evaluation of the health status of each patient, together with implementing the created plan. Taking into account that here we speak about elder people, it is better if the above mentioned plan includes possible so-called 'end-of-life' wishes of old patients. The new progressive system could also include more frequent visiting, with monitoring of the patient's health via telephone calls and home visits. Among the possible options of the

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 Assignment

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 - Assignment Example This is so since veterans have been suffering from health complications such as Post Traumatic stress years after their service to the country (Tick 2005). Currently the healthcare model being used by the United States of America does not provide for children between 5 to 20 years (Roth 2010). One issue that stands out from such a model is when dealing with diabetes in children from that age group. Diabetes, despite being hereditary can be prolonged or managed better if it is detected early enough (Hanas 2010). It is crucial for the government to include this age group in its health models since studies have shown that quite a number of people develop diabetes complications when at this age group. By including the age group in its health model, the government will help prevent or control cases of diabetes through educating on the importance of living lifestyles that are

Light Weight Material for Automobile Essay Example for Free

Light Weight Material for Automobile Essay General segment car with light weight alloys and metal matrix composites 1. 1 Analysis An automobile is a single biggest polluter, as emissions from millions of vehicles add up. As motor vehicles have been huge sources of pollution for the world since the last hundred years, the major car companies and market see profit by introducing some new technologies to reduce emission and delivering best solutions to customers. One of the major reasons for emission is weight of the vehicle. As weight increases carbon emission increases and fuel efficiency decreases. Both equally reduce customer perceptions. Present market battles to reduce carbon emissions and to fulfill customer demands for highly fuel efficient vehicles. As the above statement is top priority in present market and coming future, metallic parts of a general segment car will be replaced by light weight alloys by coming decades. However significant cost challenges are there for using light weight materials from manufacturing process to end life cycle. Smartly tackling of this cost will be the key to market applications. 1. 2Strategic sense which helps to make light weighting vehicles Global warming, global fuel prices and fuel demands are going to a critical situation, which makes human to think alternatively. As more fuel uses, more CO2 produces. If majority of vehicles made by steels are replaced by lightweight vehicles, it will reduce the global fuel needs. As this initiative makes very good advantages to world, it will get a lot of co-operation from other industries governments and political systems. Technologically and economically there are a lot of challenges and things to be done. Much RD works to do. Right from material selection, product design, process design, manufacturing methods, joining methods all has to be redesign for established organizations. It is a very big challenge. 1. 3 Initiatives taken to make light weighting vehicles To achieve a light weight structures, without compromising rigidity auto engineers have been researching the replacement of steel with plastics, aluminum and magnesium. Using of advanced material for reducing weight is the least expensive way to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. It is found that; * For every 10% weight reduction in weight of a car will result in 5% -7% improvements in fuel efficiency. * For every kilogram of weight reduction of a car will result in the reduction of carbon dioxide about 20kg. [1] 1. 4 Weight saving and relative cost for light weight material Figure 1. 1 Relative material properties and cost [2]. Important key factors while using advanced light weight materials are manufacturability, cost and joining processes. But as requirement is the mother of invention, manufacturability of aluminum and its composite’s will become easier and economical by coming years. Different manufacturing techniques are there to form aluminum into desired shape. 1. 5 Vehicle Case Study Super light Car Project: Figure 1. 2 Light weight materials, a vehicle case study [3] The objective of this project was to make an innovative idea by multi-material and light weight structure. This project proved that, BIW panel structure weight can reduce by 30%, multi material manufacturing with reduced cost, recyclability and sustainability of light weight materials. This project was a benchmark performance by joined venture of many sectors and seven vehicle manufactures (including Volkswagen and Volvo), 10 suppliers, 10 RD companies and seven universities. The final product was a mix of different materials and a wide range of joining technologies. The figure 1. 2 shows the benefits, that Super Light Project achieved.

Socrates, Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates, Philosophy Essay ?Socrates was a Greek philosopher, who is often considered to be the father of Western philosophy, and a key figure in the development of Western civilisation. The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being. Socrates Republic 38c He left no actual writing so impressions of Socrates have come primarily from the writings of his student, Plato. There are also other contributions from Xenophon and a contemporary playwright Aristophanes. It is possible that Plato embellished the legacy of Socrates by making him appear the most noble philosopher; an ideal to be cherished and followed. The extent of this embellishment is hard to quantify, but the life of Socrates remains a great inspiration to many. Socrates married Xanthippe and together they had three children. Tradition suggests that Xanthippe was argumentative and hard to please, with Socrates the model of philosophic calm. Aristotle came to Athens as a teenager and studied with Plato for 17 years. After Plato’s death in 347 BCE, he traveled widely and ended up in Macedonia where he served as the private tutor of Alexander the Great. In 335 he returned to Athens and founded his own school, called the Lyceum. He was forced to leave in 323 because the death of Alexander allowed free reign to anti-Macedoninan sentiment and Aristotle was too close to the conqueror to dare stick around. Plato was probably born in 427 BC, and died around 347 BC, aged about 80. But the earlier extant biographies of him we may read have been written hundreds of years after his death : that of Apuleius, sometime during the second century AD, and that of Diogenes L? rtius, in his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, no earlier than the third century AD. And these bear very little resemblance with what we expect from a biography nowadays. To make things worse, Plato almost never talks about himself in his dialogues (he does so only twice, once in the Apology and once in the Ph? do, each time in connection with the trial and death of Socrates). But, if we accept the authenticity of the VIIth Letter (which I do), we have there the closest thing to an autobiography we can dream of owing to the scarcity of our sources, though quite limited in scope despite its late date in Platos life (it could not have been written before Dions assassination in 354 BC, to which it refers, that is, at a time Plato was over 70).

Examining The Business Sectors Of Projects Information Technology Essay

Examining The Business Sectors Of Projects Information Technology Essay This project is done individually and it is a research project. In this project we will look at two different large organisations and compare them with each other. The two companies I have chosen are part of the SATRIX top 40 on the JSE list. I have chosen the two most popular Cell phone providers in whole South Africa, VODACOM and MTN. Over the past years, these two companies became very successful and they grow more and more everyday. They both have been fighting against each other on who is the better and more successful provider in South Africa. I have researched a lot about the two companies and they both have a lot of differences. I made research on the shareholders of each business, the Corporate Social Responsibilities and Environmental Sustainability, the BBBEE Compliance and the Companies Performance of each business. This project will also show you which company complies more with the King 11 Report and Triple Bottom Line Reporting as well as the company which will be the best proposition for a prospective investor. CSR related Issues in South Africa The needs of our society in South Africa are called the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Social Responsibilities are not only important in South Africa but also in the rest of our world. Social Responsibility is a very important part in many spheres of any business; examples are poor working conditions, dumping of waste or abuse peoples savings to enrich them. CSR addresses the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations society has for business. The CSR needs to deal with shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees and other communities. Major issues are: Human rights Labour conditions Environmental impacts Operations Products and services In South Africa, growing demands are imposed on any type of society. Business needs to contribute to a huge extend to solve any problems which accrue in the business. In South Africa, CSR refers to operate and organize everything in a good manner. It can be measured be performance indicators, which include: less operating costs, advanced brand image, higher salary and employee retention. Environmental Issues In South Africa Environmental issues in South Africa are mainly caused by us humans who dont look after our environment and just do what they want to. People like that, dont really care about our nature and they just dont follow the rules which help our country to be cleaner and healthier. Most of those issues have a huge impact on us humans. Issues like that include; safer water supplies, population explosion and depletion. The problem with South Africa is that it is to over populate and the population needs to be cut down by quite a lot in order to have a better environment. There are many types of issues which we have in South Africa. Issues like climate change, land use, farming, nuclear issues and pollution are the most common issues in South Africa. But you get many other issues which affect our environment everyday. Stakeholders Stakeholders are the most important people in any business. Without them, its not possible to run any type of business. Every business has to have stakeholders. Stakeholders are the members of a business. You get 2 different types of Stakeholders, namely internal and external stakeholders. Internal Stakeholders: Employees Manager Owners External Stakeholders: Suppliers Society Government Creditors Shareholders Customers Social CSR Issues Different forms of CSR have been found in South Africa over the couple of years. Apartheid played a huge role in it to shape these programmes and to run them successfully. After the 1990s, South Africa ranked into the global economy and new dynamics and programmes have been added to the CSR. The CSR works its way though many policy debates and corporate agendas. The CSRs issues are very important to any type of business, because it helps you to be more successful and improve the working condition of each member. Major issues are: Human rights Labour conditions Environmental impacts Operations Products and services Yes, there are many more issues but those are the most important ones I have found and chosen. These issues are very important for each business doesnt matter what type of business it is. It helps to make your employees happier and make them feel comfortable at their working place. Environmental CSR Issues An environmental issue is the way how a human treats and looks after our environment. Its the humans who dont look after our environment and because of that; our environment is not in a great shape at the moment. Nature dies and animals are starting too die because us humans dirty the nature and environment. Environmental issues in South Africa are mainly caused by us humans who dont look after our environment and just do what they want to. Issues like that include; safer water supplies, population explosion and depletion. The problem with South Africa is that it is to over populate and the population needs to be cut down by quite a lot in order to have a better environment. More types of issues are; Climate change Dams Energy Land use Farming Nuclear issues Pollution If most of the people in South Africa would look after our environment a lot, we would have a great environment and the nature would be cleaner. But unfortunately, most of the population in South Africa dont care about their environment. They destroy our environment more and more day after day. BBBEE BBBEE (Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment) is a form of empowerment created by the South African government in order to make it even for blacks and whites. As you know, in South Africa we have Whites, Blacks, Coloureds and Indians. Most of the people in South Africa think that the white people should be supported more in getting a job. They think whites are the highest race in South Africa; they are at the top and think they better than the blacks or Indians. But its so not true. Every human, doesnt matter what colour their skin has every human should be treated the same in any way. Thats why the BBBEE plays a huge role in South Africa and its very often used by a lot of companies around South Africa. Every year, the country sets a vision statement by reaching some goals. Some of the goals include; 50% of management is black 40% of the total staff are woman I think that the BBBEE plays a huge role in South African businesses and it helps the business to have an equal amount of employees. They should have different races and genders and I mean a business is only going to be successful when there are different types of people in it. More ideas will come and the business will be more successful. Stakeholders The companies I have chosen are very large and they have a lot of stakeholders which work for the company. Vodacom Stakeholders Employees Shareholders Communities Business partners Regulators Customers Government Shareholders analysis Shareholder No of shareholders % No of shares 1-100 65798 69.14 2334687 101-1000 26016 27.34 7631889 1001-10000 2553 2.68 7206854 10001-50000 409 0.43 9814621 50001-100000 148 0.16 10787017 100001-1000000 204 0.21 59739289 1000001 and over 35 0.04 1390439643 Totals 95163 100.00 1487954000 The price of a share changes a couple of times per day. Share Current price % Change Time 5465 1.20 4.March The dividend a shareholder will receive is 36.00 cents per share. MTN Stakeholders Employees Regulators Shareholders Customers Communities Government Business partners Shares Current price % Change Time 11510 -0.77 3.March The dividend a shareholder will receive is 65.00 cents per share. Comment: Ive researched the different stakeholders the 2 companies have and the shares they each charge. At the end, it was MTN who sells his shares for much more money. The dividend MTN shareholders will get is more than double the amount you get from Vodacom. So, it is better at the moment to buy shares from MTN rather then from Vodacom. Responsibility towards Stakeholders Vodacom: Communities: Vodacom plans to improve the engagement processes further this year. Suppliers: Vodacom improved its BBBEE score from 55.2% to 68.0%, according to DTI Codes. Employees: Vodacom invested over R70 Million on training employees only. Vodacom tries his best to make it the most comfortable for their employees by improving the working conditions. HIV tests are regularly done. MTN: Employees: Created an awareness training 5 years ago, this improves year by year. Makes sure the employees are comfortable at their working place, so they will be able to work the best they can. HIV tests are made every month. Government: Government focuses on creating small groups to make it easier to work. Annual interviews conducted. Communities: Press conferences are held every week. Annual interviews conducted. Good education. Most Credible Policy Both companies, Vodacom and MTN, have very good policies which they follow all the time and try too improve them as much as they can. A big role in both companies is HIV/AIDS. They both test all their employees nearly every month and thats good to hear. It gives other workers more confident to work now that they cant get sick or infected by any viruses. But when I go more into detail, Vodacom has impressed me more. Theyve spent so much money on training employees and making their working place comfortable for them. Policy Projects of each Company Vodacom: Education project Health project Security project Penryn Mobile Lab Schola Amoris School Committee for Crime prevention Mahumani Empowerment centre Reagona Disability Unit SAICA NMMU Scholarship Cities of Africa Wits centre of Excellence Vodacom Education Project- the Company invests money to equip and educate young people with the skills they will need when they go out to the big world. Vodacom Health Project- the company invests quality health initiatives to develop to their full potential. It focuses on surgery, HIV/AIDS and feeding schemes. Vodacom Security Project- security is the secondary focus of the whole Vodacom foundation. Projects like Men against child abuse or committee for crime prevention were created. MTN: Yello Care South African Red Cross Fifa World Cup Cancer Research Centre Yello Care programme- a volunteer campaign that involves every employee in community building projects in addition to the MTN Foundation initiatives. Fifa world cup- MTN supports the fifa world cup 2010. A lot of money will be donated to the cancer research centre. At the last years qualification, every goal a team made, R10000 were donated to the cancer centre. Cancer Research Centre- MTN has made an agreement with United Nations Development programme to fight against cancer. Most Sustainable projects: Vodacom and MTN, both have a lot of projects created and most of them were really successful. But again, Vodacom has better projects and all of them were successful. Vodacom helped South Africa a lot more than MTN. Vodacom helped kids to have an education and get work. They also have created a health project which runs since 2008. BBBEE Policies Vodacom: Equity ownership Management control Employment equity Skills development Enterprise development Socioeconomic development Preferential procurement Management control- Black representation rose very high. More black people have joined the management team. Employment equity- Vodacom are adding hundreds of employees to their team every month. Year after year, more black people come and work at vodacom with the right education. Skills Development- over R90 million has vodacom spent on training employees only. R68 million were spent on Black Designated Groups. MTN: Increasing access to MTN procurement for blacks Increasing human resource and skill development Encouraging partnerships between Black enterprises Promoting economic transformation MTN has a license to promote Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment within South Africa through its procurement procedures. Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment was integrated with the tender rules and policies to assist disadvantaged communities. Companies Performance Vodacom: Group highlights: 16.5% growth in group customers to 39.6 million 10.5% growth in group EBITDA to R18.2 billion 28.8% growth in group data revenue to R6.4 billion BBBEE transaction completed in South Africa in October 2008 Acquired Gateway on 30 December 2008 Listed on the JSE Limited on 18 May 2009 R500 million spend by Vodacom Foundation in its first ten years Financial Information Summary of Vodacom MTN: Highlights: 90,7 million subscribers up 48% from December 2007 R102,5 billion up 40% from December 2007 R43,2 billion up 36% from December 2007 R904,4 cents up 33% from December 2007 Financial Information Summary of MTN Vodacom: Balance Sheet of Vodacom as at 31.March.2009 MTN: Balanced Sheet of MTN as at 30.April.2009 Conclusion The 2 companies I have chosen are South Africas biggest cell phone providers. Ive done a lot of research and came to a final conclusion. Both, Vodacom and MTN have positives and negatives but for me Vodacom is a better provide between the 2. Vodacom is more reliable, I can trust it more, it has many more projects done than MTN and its more successful. For me, Vodacom is the best cell phone provider in whole South Africa.

Charles Darwin, Social Darwinism, and Imperialism Essay -- Social Darwi

England went through dramatic changes in the 19th century. English culture, socio-economic structure and politics where largely influenced by the principles of science. Many social expressions occurred due to these changes. Transformations which categorized this time period could be observed in social institutions; for instance: the switch from popular Evangelicalism to atheism, emergence of feminism and the creation of new political ideologies (Liberalism, Conservatism and Radicalism). These are just a few of the changes that took place. All of this social alteration can be attributed to the importance of science. The English people began to trust more in empiricism and logical thought than in faith and glory of the empire . One who contributed greatly to this transformation was Charles Darwin. In his two most famous works, The Origin of Species and The Decent of Man, Darwin introduces the concept of "the survival of the fittest" and "natural selection". The Darwinian ideas introduced into English society justified a great number of political policies and social movements. England at the turn of the century was still a largest power in the international system. The English perceived, through the justification of Darwinism, they were fit to be the imperial hegemon in the world. The issue this essay will deal with is Imperialism and how Darwinism justified its practice. Darwin argued in his work, The Decent of Man, "When civilised...

Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First So

Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First Sonne, and The Song Of The Old Mother All of the poems are about emotions and parent child relationships. In Before You Were Mine, the girl idolises and loves her mother. Whereas the man in Kid feels angry towards his father, and resents him too. In the poem On My First Sonne, the father loves his son a lot and feels grief for his dead son. Which is different from The Song Of The Old Mother as in this the mother is angry and annoyed at her children. I shall look for similarities and differences in the parent child relationships that are in all four of the poems. The use of structure in Kid shows the past and present in a chronological way, it’s like a monologue. I know this because the lines one to five are about past events from when he was a child, â€Å"when you gave me the order to grow up.† The middle lines show the present â€Å"you baby, now I’m the real boy wonder.† This is effective because this shows the father son relationship between them from the past, when Kid had suffered to the present where he has learnt from the mistakes in his life. This structure is similar to Before You Were Mine as it is also structured in a chronological way. The mother’s life has been explored this way in each verse. Firstly, the mother’s childhood has been mentioned, â€Å"Your polka-dot dress blows round your legs.† Then in the second verse, the mother is an older dating teenager who falls in love â€Å"in the ballroom†¦I knew you would dance like that.† Finally, the last verse describes her as a mother â€Å"†¦You’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass.† Each verse is like snap shots which are clearly shown wherever the mother was in her life she is in eac... ... he will never get too attached to anything he loves ever again. I think this is a sad poem because the parent loved his son so much he was his pride, his joy. His son meant everything to him and because of his son’s death; he’s never going to love anything like this again. This makes me think that you should make the most of what you’ve got in life and hold onto it because you don’t know what’s round the corner. This is similar to Before You Were Mine because in both parent child relationships feelings are shown. The feelings which are shown are love and care for one another. Before You Were Mine is about a girl who is looking at a photo, she is reflecting back all the positive memories of her mother. She idolises and loves her mother a lot. This poem is full of such joyful memories which make you think, you should always love your family no matter what. Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First So Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First Sonne, and The Song Of The Old Mother All of the poems are about emotions and parent child relationships. In Before You Were Mine, the girl idolises and loves her mother. Whereas the man in Kid feels angry towards his father, and resents him too. In the poem On My First Sonne, the father loves his son a lot and feels grief for his dead son. Which is different from The Song Of The Old Mother as in this the mother is angry and annoyed at her children. I shall look for similarities and differences in the parent child relationships that are in all four of the poems. The use of structure in Kid shows the past and present in a chronological way, it’s like a monologue. I know this because the lines one to five are about past events from when he was a child, â€Å"when you gave me the order to grow up.† The middle lines show the present â€Å"you baby, now I’m the real boy wonder.† This is effective because this shows the father son relationship between them from the past, when Kid had suffered to the present where he has learnt from the mistakes in his life. This structure is similar to Before You Were Mine as it is also structured in a chronological way. The mother’s life has been explored this way in each verse. Firstly, the mother’s childhood has been mentioned, â€Å"Your polka-dot dress blows round your legs.† Then in the second verse, the mother is an older dating teenager who falls in love â€Å"in the ballroom†¦I knew you would dance like that.† Finally, the last verse describes her as a mother â€Å"†¦You’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass.† Each verse is like snap shots which are clearly shown wherever the mother was in her life she is in eac... ... he will never get too attached to anything he loves ever again. I think this is a sad poem because the parent loved his son so much he was his pride, his joy. His son meant everything to him and because of his son’s death; he’s never going to love anything like this again. This makes me think that you should make the most of what you’ve got in life and hold onto it because you don’t know what’s round the corner. This is similar to Before You Were Mine because in both parent child relationships feelings are shown. The feelings which are shown are love and care for one another. Before You Were Mine is about a girl who is looking at a photo, she is reflecting back all the positive memories of her mother. She idolises and loves her mother a lot. This poem is full of such joyful memories which make you think, you should always love your family no matter what.

Breaking Dawn: Between the book and movies Essay

There are many differences between breaking dawn the book and breaking dawn (parts 1 and 2) the movie. Some are blatantly obvious while others you have to know where to look to even be able to spot them. I’ll start with the book and part one of the movie. Edward and Bella had talked about her staying human for a full year before she turned so she could attend Dartmouth, But in the movie there was no talk at all about collage. In the movie Edward shares with Bella his rebellious vampire period the night before the wedding while in the movie it is only told is the book Twilight. The day of the wedding comes and it goes on quite beautifully. Many speeches were given in the movie yet none were described at all in the book. After the wedding Edward and Bella leave to go to the place where they were said to have their honeymoon. They were their 17 days after the wedding when belle discovers she was pregnant. In the movie it had only been 14 days since the wedding. She had decided to keep the baby and becomes very ill and forced to have the baby removed from inside of her because if she wasn’t Bella would have died. Edward roomed the baby and had no other choice but to turn her. Bella awakes from her transformation in the book wearing a silk blue dress and stiletto heals. In the movie she is wearing a blue dress but is also barefoot. She is then presented to her daughter which they names Renesmee. Edward showed Bella Renesmee’s powers and got to hold her for a bit. It was suggested she should hunt so Edward and Bella left. In the movie Bella encounters a mountain lion and a deer at the same time. After she had smelled a human and went after him. Edward stopped her. In the book the animals were hunted separately and she never goes after the human she smells. They get back and soon after Jacob arrives and Bella gets into a fight with him because of the fact that he had imprinted on her daughter and had given her the nickname Nessie. Which means Lock-Ness monster. Seth tries to stop them from fighting as a wolf and Bella pushes him hard into a tree with her new vampire strength, injuring his shoulder. In the book she injures him enough that Carlisle had to treat him for the broken shoulder. In the movie it isn’t bad enough for medical attention at all. A couple of weeks go by and Christmas arrives. Bella goes to her dads house with Edward and Renesmee. Renesmee is given a shiny golden locket theta day while in the movie it in given to her the night before the confrontation of the Volturi. The day of the confrontation came and Bella had Jacob ready to take Renesmee away if a fight breaks out. Well in the book the confrontation with the Volturi is almost peaceful. Alice and Jasper arrive just in time to present Nahual and Huilen. The Volturi see that Renesmee isn’t a threat to them and leave soon after. In the movie Alice arrives at the beginning and a huge battle scene occurs. Many people lose their lives including Carlisle, Jasper, and Aro. However it was only a vision of what would happen if the volturi decided to stay and fight. Nahuel and Huilen emerge from the woods and tells their story and then leave. Soon after Aro decides to leave because he doesn’t want to stay and fight only to die in the process. So as you can see this is only a few of the differences between Breaking Dawn the book and parts 1 and 2 of Breaking Dawn the movie.

Criminological research Essay

Longitudinal Approach to Chicago Crime Research The Project on Human Development in Chicago Research conducted a research regarding the historical origins of crime using the statistical longitudinal approach — eight-year-follow-up from 1993 to 2001 on 11,000 individuals with equal male to female ratio in nine different age groups selected at random from 70 different communities— and the developmental crime analysis using multi-field approaches from various related studies in criminology, sociology, psychology and biology. The Project is based at Harvard School of Public Health and is jointly sponsored by National Institute of Justice and MacArthur Foundation. The project attempted to explain the psychological and criminological determinants of the city in response to the mounting crime rates from the years 1960’s to current. In lieu with this, the project also aimed to find ‘solutions’ through the aforementioned multi-disciplinary analysis combined with therapeutic intervention analysis. Understanding criminal behavior entails identification of the source (from birth to adulthood), the developmental origin and environmental influences. Main areas for the study include individual differences, influences from family, school, peer and community, criminal careers, predictions of dangerousness. Data collection is by multistream STORI approach—self-reports tests and examinations, observational procedures (surveys and interviews), existing records, and informant reports. Community, as a determinant, is analyzed through systemic social observation. Changes in family structure is measured at several factors including the individual and/or mixed effect of household environment, care providers, key figures , presence of extended family, quality of upbringing, and the relationships within. The impact of racism on construction of identity of the samples was also considered. Gender-specific roles was also investigated–— why males tend to be more violent and the females more into sexual and property offenses  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€ their differential response to developmental determinants, individuality, and social behavior with focus between adolescence-adulthood period. Antisocial behavior as exhibited by criminal behavior is evaluated at traumatic stress (and PTSD), abuse and child development; the coping mechanism and resilience and cycle of violence hypotheses is evaluated in line with this. Aside from exploring the history and patterns of anti-socialism, the project maimed at creating intervention programs at the following age group to prevent recidivism: 0-6 (improved social skills and cognitive stimulation); and young adolescents (modeling, peer leader and educ films); young adults (probation and diversion programs). Testing persistence-desistence hypothesis by using various theories [ (bio-psych development, social learning and control, social organization, network, rational choice and deterrence theory)] with focus on peer relations will also be included in the Project. The Project also aimed at creating a pragmatic, large-scale approach for crime prevention by testing their hypothesis on differential social organization, individual differences, peer groups and social networks. The Project’s scheme is rather ambitious considering that it requires an 8 year statistical analysis, only 200 field experts and one co-sponsor (aside from the federal). While it is true that ‘meta-analysis’ can be applicable for such types of study, there are problems in statistical method sampling especially if the test samples ‘migrated’ or ‘died’ before the end of the project. Would the Project resort to attrition analysis? The investigation may also be weak because it relies on questionnaires and interviews, and most criminals, in reality, rarely talk about their life. Technology should also be assessed for the study. Additionally, the methods used, although very extensive, may be very tiring to the staff. Although the objectives of the study are great, the methods require extensive staffing and careful management and (detached) association with the samples in the study. Reference Earls, F. J. and Reiss, A. J. (1994). Breaking the Cycle. NIJ Research Report. 91 pp.

Kraft Food’s Case Study

KRAFT FOOD COMPANY Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. COMPANY’S HISTORY According to Frank (2010), in 1903, there was a man named James Lewis Kraft who had begun cheese delivery service at Chicago area after he had been eased out from a cheese company at Buffalo. Every morning, he will buy cheese wholesale and resold it to the local vendors in order to avoid the cheese melt or spoil. The business was successful and several of his brothers who are known as Charles H. , John H. , Fred Walker and Norman had joined the company named J. L Kraft & Bros. Co. in 1909 as permanent employees (MAC 2011).James L. Kraft is a president of the company who had invented a revolutionary process in 1915. This process helps to pasteurize the cheese, thus it would not spoiled easily and can be transported long distances (NNDB 2009). Fundamentally, according to Phillip (2010), in 1920, Kraft purchased a Canadian cheese company and changed it to Kraft Cheese Company in 1924. Kraft Cheese Company had obtained a lot of sales which enable J. L Kraft to expand the company into Germany, Australia and Britain. During World War II, Kraft had supplied 4 million pounds of cheese to Britain.It had showed that Kraft was a main food supplier at that time. In 1945, the Kraft Cheese Company became Kraft Food Company (NNDB 2009). B. COMPANY’S DESCRIPTION Kraft Food Company’s headquarter had been located at Cheltenham, United Kingdom since Kraft has a close connection with the rest of Europe. The manufacturing site had been established at the Ban bury as a global manufacturing base that will supply a variety type of products worldwide in 155 countries including Malaysia, China and United State (Kraft Food Inc. 2010). Kraft Food Company was having more than 100,000 diverse employees all over the world.Currently, Kraft Food Company is a second largest food and beverage company in the world after Nestle. C. TYPE OF PRODUCTS Furthermore, according to Joel (2010), Kraft Food Company is popula r with cheese and dairy, snack foods and confectionary, beverage and convenient foods. However, Kraft Food Company is basically focusing more on cheese and dairy products such as cottage cheese and sour cream. Kraft produces a wide variety of natural cheese and American cheese slices. Besides that, Kraft also been known as snack food brands especially cookies and crackers.Some of popular snacks food offers by Kraft are Kraft cheese Nips, Wheat Thins crackers, Corn Nuts and Garden Harvest toasted chips (Kraft Food 2011). Instead of that, sweet and confectionary food brands produced by Kraft are Oreo cookies, Kraft Mayo with olive oil, Jet-Puffed Marshmallows and Kraft salad dressings whereas for beverage and convenient foods are Kraft Macaroni and Cheese, California Pizza Kitchen and DiGiorno frozen pizzas, Yuban Coffee and Maxwell House (David 2009). Chapter II STRATEGY FORMULATION A. VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS 1.Kraft Foods Mission Statement: â€Å"Make Today Delicious† I n order to fulfill this mission Kraft Foods Inc. focuses on consumers in everything that they do. The company also understands that actions speak louder than words, so at Kraft Foods, they: – inspire trust. – act like owners. – keep it simple. – are open and inclusive. – tell it like it is. – lead from the head and the heart. – discuss – decide -deliver. 2. Kraft Foods Vision Statement: â€Å"Helping People Around the World to Eat & Live Better† Their vision captures the essence of who they are.Everything they do flows from their vision. They just don't happen to be a business that sells food – it's what they're all about. Their vision is about meeting consumers' needs and making food an easier, healthier, more memorable, and enjoyable part of the life. Revised Mission Statement Here at Kraft Foods we strive to produce superior products and services (2) to our customers (1) ranging from wholesalers to households. The 21st century is sure to bring more innovation, new products, and new food technology (4), thus enabling us to create and deliver better and healthier products.Kraft Foods continues to lead the food industry as the largest food supplier in North America (7) with plans to continue expansion into new and existing global markets (3). We support the goals of the company by applying the highest ethical conduct within our corporate philosophy in all our business transactions (6), treatment of employees (9), and social and environmental policies (8). We at Kraft Foods focus highly on our consumers’ lifestyles and aim to grow profitable in the worlds’ food market and provide a higher than expected return to shareholders (5).Our company takes pride in making today and the future-delicious. 1. ) Customers 2. ) Products and services 3. ) Markets 4. ) Technology 5. ) Concern for survival, growth, and profitability 6. ) Philosophy 7. ) Self-concept 8. ) Concern for public image 9. ) Concern for employees Revised Vision Statement Global leadership in offering the best food products enabling people to eat and live better. Explanation-This revised vision statement incorporates a vision for the Kraft Foods Inc. to become a global leader among its competitors-that is to be the number one.This statement shall encourage the whole organization of the corporation to think not only for the good but for the best. The corporation shall offer not only quality products but the best quality products helping their global market to live better through the consumption of their products. B. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 1. Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) Table 1. Competitive Profile Matrix(CPM) for Kraft Foods Inc. Critical Success Factor | | | | | Rating | Rating | Rating | 1. Advertising| 3| 4| 2| 2. Financial Position| 3| 4| 2| 3. Global Expansion| 3| 4| 2| 4. Market Share| 3| 3| 2| . Product Diversity | 4| 4| 3| 6. Consumer Demands | 4| 3| 3| Average Rating | 20/6= 3. 33| 22/6= 3 . 67| 14/6= 2. 33| Note: 1=major weakness, 2=minor weakness, 3=minor strength, 4=major  strength The Competitive Profile Matrix shows  the relative strength of  Kraft Foods Inc. compared  to its competitors by using the critical success factors in  its industry. By identifying its strengths, we can also identify its relative weaknesses and address them to formulate effective strategies. Kraft Foods Inc. is relatively competitive in its industry, showing 3. 33 as its total score.The company has to improve on global strength, market share and attractiveness as an employer to improve on brand loyalty and customer retention. Its profit margin has a rating of 3 just like the other industry because it is considered as a minor strength for they all want to focus on their brand and customer satisfaction. 2. PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE analysis contains the analysis of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental environments of a country with reference to a  particular object. The PESTLE analysis of Kraft Foods Inc. is as follows: POLITICALThey support candidates who understand and appreciate the public policies that impact their  business, brands and employees. The company has started a political action committee called Kraftpac or Kraft Political Action Committee which makes  funding to state political parties, committees and candidates. ECONOMIC Kraft is making good earnings from its market involvements via  its products and brands. The company is delivering high quality earnings to  its shareholders despite the difficult economic environment. They are continuously investing in their brands and businesses to further  provide excellent product offerings to their customers.As a result of their investment strategies, the Kraft Foods is very well positioned to deliver sustainable top-tier  performance, with or without Cadbury (Kraft foods financial news, 2011). In 2008, Kraft Foods was once again named to the Dow Jones Sust ainability World Index and the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index in recognition of the  company’s economic, environmental and social performance. SOCIAL The company took  initiative to improve the  living standards of more than 1 million farmers with effective partnerships with them.They  increased their cocoa and coffee purchase to further benefit their partner farmers. Kraft Foods reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 18% and water consumption by 30% since2005, as measured against total production. Furthermore, the  company improved the nutritional profile of more than 5,500  products during the last five years. They removed nearly 6. 5 million pounds (3  million kg) of salt from products in 2010 and helped to provide more than 1 billion servings of food since 1999 in the United States alone. TECHNOLOGICAL The company keeps consumer needs in  their minds  before designing their strategies.They adapt  and anticipate their needs in order to  mee t them efficiently. The company has employed SAP Net weaver technology platform to ensure effective information and business transformation strategy within all the business units (FBR, 2008). Kraft foods have established a hub and spoke model where a centrally led team focuses on the overall strategies, systems, enabling tools, networks and metrics. And, they have complemented that central team with R&D people the open innovation â€Å"technical scouts†? embedded in each  of Kraft's business units. LEGALThe company abides by the laws, rules, and regulations of the national as well as  international countries in order to sustain its  profitability and its business operations. Almost all of the activities of the company’s food operations outside of the United States are subject to local and national regulations similar to those applicable to Kraft Philippines  businesses and, in some cases,  international regulatory provisions, such as those of the European Uni on relating to labeling, packaging, food  content, pricing, marketing and advertising and related areas.ENVIRONMENTAL Kraft Foods has set an example  in the global industry by determining a push  to reduce the impact of its operations on the environment in the U. S. and  around the world. The company released  its CSR report in 2010 which stated its environmental goals agenda to reduce the effects of energy and the carbon dioxide emissions in food plants to the conservation of water and minimizing excess packaging. They are creating packaging that uses less material, weighs less and reduces impact  on landfills without compromising food safety or freshness.As part of their plan to  reduce our â€Å"carbon footprint,† Kraft foods are improving their energy efficiencies, using  less energy and finding new and cleaner sources of energy. Kraft Foods look for opportunities to reduce the use of water to  minimize the  impact of water discharge and even reuse wat er  in ways that help the environment and save money. Lastly they are not only focusing on creating less waste in the manufacturing process, they are also finding new and better  ways to reuse, treat and even put waste to work. 3. Porter’s Five Forces AnalysisBARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS The food and beverage industry is quite high and competitive in nature. The  prices offered are usually competitive to  remain in the market. THE BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS The buyers preferences changes with the passage of time and they are likely to switch to the seller who offers good  quality at  less price. Wal-Mart has played a  major  role in this case. It offers less priced goods to  attract the buyers ¶ attention. There is a significant opportunity for the buyers to  extract industry and firm profits. THE THREAT OF THE ENTRY OF NEW COMPETITORSThere are already so  many competitors present in the market that there are very less chances for the new comers to se t foot in and enjoy their share in the market. The existing companies have already spent  so much on their brands, quality and positioning that it will be difficult for the new comers to entice switching among consumers. RIVALRY AMONG ESTABLISHED COMPETITIONS Intense competition lies in the food and beverage industry. The main vehicle by which firms in the industry preserve market share  is through brand loyalty and diversification.In general, the products of these  firms are highly elastic with consumers weighing the tradeoff between price and quality between companies and products. Consumers in the industry have minimal switching costs and there is never the guarantee of brand loyalty. Therefore, the way these firms maintain market share is by providing  brand quality at an affordable price. Thus, there is some cooperation among  firms against the erosion of market share to  private label products. With all firms promoting brand quality, there are signals passed onto t he consumer that brand name products are superior  to private label products in quality and elegance.There have been restructurings and realignments at Kraft and at other companies in the industry in order to increase volume and profitability despite increasing input costs, sluggish top  line growth, margin contraction, and rising pension costs. THE THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES The consumers evaluate the quality of products and their prices with that of others to decide which product to  buy. The treat of substitutes is medium in this case. The  private label products, also referred to as  ? generic? products, pose a serious threat to industry and  firm profits. 4. Input Tools Table 2.External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Key External Factors| Opportunities| 1. Operates in many fast growing categories| 2. Growing demand for health and wellness products| 3. Decreased input costs [raw materials]| 4. Changing lifestyles. | 5. Increased tr ends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. | 6. Growth in the market overall. | 7. Cadbury acquisition provides new products. | Threats| 1. Increasing trend of dining out| 2. Health concerns| 3. Inflation [transportation]| 4. Unfavorable impact of foreign currency| 5. Customers switching to generic brands. | 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. Nestle SA| C. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 1. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix Table 3. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Key Internal Threats | Strengths| 1. Strong R;D| 2 Increased organic revenues| 3. Availability| 4. Innovative advertising methods| 5. Diverse range of leading brands| 6. Focus on consumers| 7. Strong distribution network| 8. Strong brand image| 9. World’s second-largest food company| 10. 25% of global revenue from emerging markets| Weaknesses| 1. Difficulty in launching new brands| 2. Most of growth is dependent on acquisitions or expanding into new market. 3. Strong competition from Nestle , Hershey, etc. | 4. Poor performance of North-American segment| 2. Matching  Tools a. Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) Matrix   The  opportunities  and  threats  that  Kraft  Foods  Inc. possesses  are  now matched against its  strengths and  weaknesses by  using the SWOT matrix in order to generate appropriate strategies. Table 4. SWOT MATRIX for Kraft Foods Inc. 1| Strengths| SWOT MATRIX SWOT MATRIX | 1. Strong R;D| | 2. Increased organic revenues| | 3. Availability| | 4. Innovative advertising methods| | 5. Diverse range of leading brands| | 6.Focus on consumers| | 7. Strong Distribution network| | 8. Strong brand image| | 9. World’s second largest food company| | 10. 25% of global revenue from emerging markets| Opportunities| SO Strategies| 1. Operates in many fast growing categories| Focus on retailers and restaurants (O1,S1)Position itself as a healthy food producer (O4, S3, S8)Focus on ready to eat products (O4 S6)Promote r eady to drink beverages (O4, S5, S8)| 2. Growing demand for health and wellness products| | 3. Decreased input costs [raw materials]| | 4. Changing lifestyles. | | 5. Increased trends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. | 6. Growth in the market overall. | | 7. Cadbury acquisition provides new products. | | Threats| ST Strategies| 1. Increasing trend of dining out| Introduce low fat products (T3, S6)Outsource operations to cheaper logistics partners (T4, S7)| 2. Health concerns| | 3. Inflation [transportation]| | 4. Unfavorable impact of foreign currency| | 5. Customers switching to generic brands. | | 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. , Nestle SA| | SWOT MATRIX SWOT MATRIX | Weaknesses| | 1. Difficulty in launching new brands| | 2. Most of growth is dependent on acquisitions or expanding into new market. | | 3.Strong competition from Nestle, Hershey, etc. | | 4. Poor performance of North-American segment| Opportunities | WO Strategies| 1. Operates in many fast growing categor ies| Look for divestiture in poor performing segmentsSell packaged coffees to cafes (W4, O1)  Ã‚  | 2. Growing demand for health and wellness products| | 3. Decreased input costs [raw materials]| | 4. Changing lifestyles. | | 5. Increased trends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. | | 6. Growth in the market overall. | | 7. Cadbury acquisition provides new products. | | Threats| WT Strategies| 1. Increasing trend of dining out| Launch a sub-brand (brand extension) for ealthier range of products(W3, T2)Market dependent; look into closing lower value markets and look to switch to higher value economies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 2. Health concerns| | 3. Inflation [transportation]| | 4. Unfavorable impact of foreign currency| | 5. Customers switching to generic brands. | | 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. , Nestle SA| | | | | | IP IP c. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix Division| Revenue (millions)| Percent Revneues| Profit (millions)| Percent Profit| Relative Market Share| Indus try Growth Rate (%)| Company| $ 42,201| 100%| $2,901| 100%| 0. 38| 6. 41%| In the BCG matrix, Kraft Foods Inc. ervices are presented and compared with industry’s growth rate. The percentage market share of Kraft Foods Inc. was computed as follows: (2010 Kraft Foods net sales/ 2010 industry total net sales) X 100%= $42,201/$111,507= 38% The percentage industry growth rate was obtained from the annual increase in revenues. Table 5. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. (Global Market Share) Relative market share in the industry (percentage) Relative market share in the industry (percentage) 1. 0 . 50 0. 0 2. . 50 0. 0 +20 0 20 +20 0 20 Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Question Marks I Question Marks I Stars II Stars II Dogs IV Dogs IV Cash Cows III Cash Cows III Kraft Foods belongs to Question Marks Group seen in Quadrant I, it remains to be competitive enough although its market share is not that high but its g rowth rate in industry is high enough to cover the market. In order to be on Stars the company must pursue an intensive strategy to strengthen the company and meet its goals in the industry. Table 6.Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. (Domestic Market Share) Relative Market Share Position in the Industry Relative Market Share Position in the Industry 1. 0 . 500. 0 2. 0 . 500. 0 Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) +20 0 -20 +20 0 -20 Question Marks I Question Marks I Stars II Stars II Dogs IV Dogs IV Cash Cows III Cash Cows III Kraft Foods belongs to Stars Group seen in Quadrant II, its market share is high and highly competitive in the industry, but because of fast growing market, Kraft is required to have a huge investments to maintain their lead.Division| Revenue (millions)| Percent Revneues| Profit (millions)| Percent Profit| Relative Market Share| Industry Growth Rate (%)| Company| $ 42,201| 100%| $ 2,901| 100%| 0 . 70| 6. 41%| The percentage market share of Kraft Foods Inc. was computed as follows: (2010 Kraft Foods net sales/ 2010 industry total net sales) X 100%= $42,201/$60,287= 70% The percentage industry growth rate was obtained from the annual increase in revenues. d. Internal-External (I/E) Matrix IFE Total Weighted Scores IFE Total Weighted Scores Table 7. Internal-External (I/E) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc.Strong Average Weak Strong Average Weak 4. 0 High 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 Medium 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 Low 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 4. 0 High 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 Medium 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 Low 2. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 Grow and buildGrow and build I| 2. 57, 3. 14 2. 57, 3. 14 II | III| IV | Hold and Maintain Hold and Maintain V| VI| VII| VIII| Harvest or Divest Harvest or Divest IX| EFE Total Weighted Scores EFE Total Weighted Scores Division| Revenues (millions)| Percent Revenues| Profit (millio ns)| Percent Profit| IFE Scores| EFE Scores| Company| $ 42,201 | 100%| $ 2,901 | 100%| 2. 57| 3. 14| Kraft Foods Co. is in the Grow and Build position which means that its internal strengths are on the average and response to the external factors are on the above average.This means that Kraft can proceed in doing intensive and integrative strategies as suggested by the IE Matrix. e. Grand Strategy (GS) Matrix Rapid Market Growth Rapid Market Growth Table 8. GS Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Quadrant II| Quadrant I 1. Market Development 2. Market Penetration 3. Product Development 4. Forward Integration 5. Backward Integration 6. Horizontal Integration 7. Related Diversification| Quadrant III| Quadrant IV| Strong Competitive Position Strong Competitive Position Weak Competitive Position Weak Competitive Position Slow Market GrowthSlow Market Growth Kraft Foods Inc. falls under Quadrant I which is characterized by rapid market growth and strong competitive position. For Kraft Foods Inc. it would be best for them to continue their concentration on their current markets and strategies that would be best to use are market penetration and market development as suggested earlier in the other matrixes. If Kraft Foods is too heavily committed to a single product, then related diversification may reduce the risks associated with a narrow product line. g. Functional areas of the firm MarketingKraft's management performed an international consumer survey to determine if consumers were aware of the product quality and whether they were receptive to Kraft's product quality. After receiving a favorable survey response, KFI decided to produce an adaptive, revitalization, and business acquisition marketing campaign; tailored for specific foreign markets. An organization can make a creditable business case for product adaptation when the product modification develops into higher revenues and profits. Kraft's product brand managers developed ways and methods to revitalize existing food products to sell in foreign markets.The brand managers revisited products that were more than 35 years old and revitalized them by positioning the products as mild, hot, or spicy and microwavable. Consequently, product revitalization influenced consumer behaviors. Shortly after product revitalization, the initial response occurred when new customers became enticed by the repositioned products and younger consumers became interested in Kraft products. Finance At Kraft, cash is king When Kraft Foods needed to cut costs and free up cash, its supply chain organization rose to the challenge.Better inventory turnover played a leading role in boosting cash flow by 20 percent. If the company could make just the right amount of goods for a market and get them quickly into the hands of the consumer, it would speed up the cycle for converting products to cash. The relationship between inventory and cash flow put Kraft's supply chain organization front and center in the multiyear project. Research, Development ; Quality When it comes to bold thinking, Research, Development ; Quality is the place to be exciting new tastes. Packaging that extends the shelf life of our products – and is biodegradable.State-of-the-art machinery. That’s the kind of thing we’re aiming for. And what we come up with. Kraft Foods R;D Center At Kraft Foods, we have been focusing on inventing delicious foods and improving life quality. Thus we sincerely invite the best R;D staff and establish 6 R;D centers in world. All of our professional knowledge in nutrition and food safety allow us to accelerate product research and development, bringing the best technologies and products to benefit people all over the world. Kraft Foods Global R;D center located in Glenview, Illinois, has established professional labs for hemical and flavor analysis. We attract excellent R;D staffs and provide strong technique supports of product development for North America and other areas in global . We believe innovation is a journey. In 2010, Kraft Foods China launched a strong pipeline of innovative products including OREO Ice Cream Flavor and Mini-snack biscuits. Pacific Whole Grain is the first real whole grain biscuit on the market that has enjoyed great success among Chinese consumers. Production/operation Kraft Foods Inc. is a holding company, our principal source of funds is from our subsidiaries.Our wholly owned subsidiaries currently are not limited by long-term debt or other agreements in their ability to pay cash dividends or make other distributions with respect to their common stock. Reportable Segments We manage and report operating results through three geographic units: Kraft Foods North America, Kraft Foods Europe and Kraft Foods Developing Markets. We manage the operations of Kraft Foods North America and Kraft Foods Europe by product category, and we manage the operations of Kraft Foods Developing Markets by location. Our reportable segments are U. S. Beve rages, U. S. Cheese, U. S. Convenient Meals, U.S. Grocery, U. S. Snacks, Canada ; North America Foodservice, Kraft Foods Europe (formerly known as European Union) and Kraft Foods Developing Markets. †¢ We transitioned our European Biscuit, Chocolate, Coffee and Cheese categories to fully integrated business units, further strengthening our focus on these core categories. To ensure decisions are made faster and closer to our customers and consumers, each category is fully accountable for its financial results, including marketing, manufacturing and R;D. Category leadership, based in Zurich, Switzerland, reports to the Kraft Foods Europe President.These business units now comprise the Kraft Foods Europe segment. Information Systems Innovation can only happen if we’ve got the infrastructure to support it. And everything we do, every minute of the day, relies on having the right technology and information immediately available. Information Systems are the key. But they do mu ch more than just answer helpdesk calls and fix our computers. Information Systems also invent neat solutions to our technological problems, and work out what systems and equipment we need to support our ideas. Chapter III STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION A. EXECUTIVE DECISION RESPONSIBILITIESKey decisions at Kraft are made by the following three organizations: †¢ Global Marketing and Category Development †¢ Commercial Units †¢ Functional Areas Global Marketing and Category Development is responsible for decisions on global category strategies, new product growth platforms and marketing excellence. Commercial Units are responsible for determining the marketing and sales programs that best meet the needs of local consumers and customers, with profit and loss responsibility for the results. Functional Areas are strongly aligned and linked to the Global Marketing ; Category Development group and the two commercial units.The functions are centers for excellence, with responsibilit y for identifying and sharing best practices and using Kraft’s global scale to best advantage. The leaders within these organizations all report directly to the CEO. The leaders are: †¢ Global Marketing and Category Development: – EVP, Global Marketing Resources ; Initiatives – EVP, Global Category Development †¢ Commercial Units: – President, North America Commercial – President, International Commercial †¢ Functional Areas: – EVP, Global Corporate Affairs – EVP ; Chief Financial Officer – EVP, Global Human Resources – EVP, General Counsel ; Corporate Secretary EVP, Global Strategy ; Business Development – EVP ; Chief Information Officer – EVP, Global Technology ; Quality – EVP, Global Supply Chai B. EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT ; SUCCESSION †¢ Executive development at Kraft takes place on the job. Unlike other companies where executive development takes place in an academic setting, Kr aft creates management opportunities on the job for its employees. †¢ Beginning even with their earliest assignments, young managers are expected to demonstrate an ability to carry responsibility and sophisticated thinking that’s usually reserved for top tier executives at other companies. As managers ascend the ranks, Kraft encourages them to develop leadership skills such as creativity, the power to persuade and influence, and the willingness to take risks. †¢ Kraft gives its young managers broad authority that helps to challenge themselves and spur their leadership skills. †¢ Each function within Kraft has an Advancement Planning Policy in place. This policy provides the guidelines for identifying replacements for executives. Generally, there are two to three potential replacements already identified for any executive in case he or she leaves the company.C. INSIDER’S VIEW ON KRAFT CULTURE †¢ Insiders have commented that Kraft is very diverse and that they have many qualified minorities in management positions. †¢ Even though working at Kraft is stressful, insiders have commented that many people enjoy working there. †¢ However, insiders have also commented that morale is low due to layoffs and the resultant heavy workloads on the remaining employees. There have also been comments made that employees from acquired companies suffer from low morale because of difficulty in adjusting to Kraft culture.Chapter IV STRATEGY EVALUATION Table 8. Balance Scorecard for Kraft Foods Inc. GOALS| STRATEGIES| MEASURES| TIME COMPLETION| Customer Perspective| | | | Provide quality products for all customers| Product Development| Developing quality products such as low fat and less cholesterol| Immediately after 2013| Internal Business Process| | | | More efficient internal control| Semi-centralization of the organization| A main branch per areas which controls other branches| 4th quarter 2007-2008| Financial perspective| | | |Attain ment of 2011, 2012, and 2013 revenue target| Having a large share in the global economy| Using effective marketing and extensive product developmentCutting cost if possible| 3rd quarter 2013| Learning and growth| | | | Increase industry awareness regarding service in other country. Development of intensive training program for human resources| Intensify marketing promotionsOffering seminars that will enhance skills in communicating and decision-making| Use the partner company’s expertise regarding the marketability of the countryIncrease of effectiveness and efficiency of skill performance| 2nd -3rd quarter 2014Immediately after 2013|As an evaluation tool, the balanced scorecard shows the various selected key strategies on aspects of consumer perspective, interval business processes, financial perspective and learning growth. A set of quantitative measures has been enumerated for each strategy to enable the company to monitor progress or strategy attainment on a regular basis and review whether these need to be changed or revised SUMMARY Kraft Foods remains to be competitive enough although its global market share is not that high but its growth rate in industry is high enough to cover the market.The company must pursue an intensive strategy to strengthen the company and meet its goals in the industry. Its domestic market share is high and highly competitive in the industry, but because of fast growing market, Kraft is required to have a huge investment to maintain their lead. Kraft Foods Co. internal strengths are on the average and response to the external factors are on the above average. This means that Kraft can proceed in doing intensive and integrative strategies as suggested by the I/E Matrix. For Kraft Foods Inc. t would be best for them to continue their concentration on their current markets and strategies that would be best to use are market penetration and market development as suggested earlier in the other matrixes. If Kraft Foods is too heavily committed to a single product, then related diversification may reduce the risks associated with a narrow product line. CONCLUSION Food industry is one of the fast growing industries ever since it started to appear  in the global market. United States is the home where leading food companies are  principally  located.Indeed  the  advance  technological  adaptation  in  this country led the food industry to become innovative and more eager to develop new products as time goes by. The challenge in this industry is the tough competition of the various companies belonging in the same industry. On how they could penetrate the market and what would be their advantage over their  competitor. Kraft Foods is one of the companies belonging in this category. It can achieve its leadership and growth by doing intensive promotion and management of its existing clients and venturing other countries to promote business. RECOMMENDATONSRECOMMENDED REVISE ORGANIZATIONAL STR UCTURE. The organizational structure of the company is fully a centralized one. It is only compose of the top executives of the company. We suggest the that company develop a line and staff structure wherein the middle and lower level of the organization is seen and have a direct communication in terms of decision making and finding solutions to the problems both on top to lower level management. RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES Upon the using the matrixes presented, the following are the recommended strategies that Kraft Foods Inc. should use. Market Penetration Increase advertising expenditures and specifically target the household population. †¢Offer extensive sales promotion during peak season and creating bonus packages. †¢Decrease the cost of the product if it would be possible so that buyers will be attracted to patronize it. Product Development †¢Develop  products  containing  low  fat  and  calories  for  those  healthconscious individuals. †¢Dev elop  confectionary  products  that  are  sugar  free  to  attract  retiringindividuals. †¢Package products that are inter-related †¢Improve technological systems, especially the  online  shopping  center for  mothers at home.BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www. kraftfoodscompany. com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/KFT_RDQ_Innovatio n_Investments_FactSheet. pdf http://www. kraftfoodscompany. com http://www. Kraft. com http://www. Kraft's Cadbury Deal May Force Cocoa Consolidation, Moneynews. com http://www. scribd. com/doc/77538204/Kraft-Matrixes http://www. management480. wikispaces. com/file/view/Kraft. ppt http://www. mondelezinternational. com/ph/en/home/index. aspx CURRICULUM VITAE JENEVA V. VICENTE Rizal East, San Isidro, Isabela Mobile No. 09358723111 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Manage ment Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYSan Isidro National High School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYSan Isidro West Central School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:March 9, 1993 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’ Weight:45 kgs. Religion:Pentecostal Christian Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Jeneva V.Vicente JOANA MARIE S. MARQUEZ Mabini,Alicia, Isabela Mobile No. 09267907457 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYAlicia National High School Paddad, Alicia, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYMabini Elementary School Mabini, Alicia, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:March 30, 1993 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’1 Weight:48 kgs. Religion:Roman Catholic Nationality:FilipinoLanguage Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Joana Marie S. Marquez Reila A. Abenojar Rizal East, San Isidro, Isabela Mobile No. 09358194873 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYSan Isidro National High School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2006-2007 * PRIMARYSan Isidro West Central School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2002-2003 PERSONAL DATA:Date of Birth:July 20, 1990 Age:22 Civil Status:Sing le Gender:Female Height:5’ Weight:40 kgs. Religion:Methodist Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Reila A. Abenojar Angela V. Almolanida San Fabian, Echague, Isabela Mobile No. 09068334307 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYEchague National High SchoolSan Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYBanaba Elementary School Banaba, Dapdap, Bamban, Tarlac S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:October 21, 1992 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’2 Weight:40 kgs. Religion:Roman Catholic Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Angela Almolanida Joylyn M. Adop Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business AdministrationMajor in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:February 22, 1993 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’3† Weight:48 kgs. Religion:Born Again Christian Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Joylyn M. Adop Gaymarie A. FelipeBagong Tanza, Aurora, I sabela Mobile No. 09359029090 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYBagong Tanza Elementary School Bagong Tanza, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:September 26, 1992 Age:20 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’4† Weight:58 kgs. Religion:Latter-Day Saints Nationality:FilipinoLanguage Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Gaymarie A. Felipe Ryan A. Darang Silauan Sur, Echague, Isabela Mobile No. 09352083261 ————————————â €”———- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYEchague National High School San Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYEchague West Central School San Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:November 23, 1992 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’6† Weight:55 kgs. Religion:Born Again Christian Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Ryan A. Darang Vic Rodriguez Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:February 22, 1993 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’3† Weight:48 kgs. Religion:Pentecostal Christian Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Vic Rodriguez Fernando Ramos Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 ————————————————- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University – Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA: Date of Birth:February 22, 1993 Age:19 Civil Status:Single Gender:Female Height:5’3† Weight:48 kgs. Religion:Pentecostal Christian Nationality:Filipino Language Spoken:Tagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Fernando Ramos